Aim:To determine the cytomorphometric study of oral squamous cells in diabetes individuals. Material and methods: Random blood glucose levels were determined for each patient on the day of the cytological investigation. Quantitative analysis used PAP stain, whereas qualitative analysis included both H and E and PAP stains. The inclusion criteria for healthy persons were adult adults without a history of diabetes or any other disease. The research included 80 cases, including a study group of type 2 diabetes patients (Group 1) and a control group of healthy adults (Group 2). The study and control groups were separated based on gender into Group 1A, Group 1B, and Group 2A. Group 2B included 20 men and 20 females aged between 35 and 75 years. Smears were taken from keratinized (T, P) and non-keratinized (BM, FOM) mucosa. CA and NA were determined using Image J analysis. Results: On intergroup gender comparison of diabetic men and females with control males and females a lower mean CA was reported. The results were significant for T and FOM in men between different groups and for BM, T, and FOM in females between different groups. Furthermore, the average NA was higher and the average CA:NA was lower, with statistically significant findings seen during intergroup gender comparison. The whole result was statistically significant, except for CA at sites BM and P in men, and for site P in females. When comparing genders within the same group of diabetics, the outcome was not statistically significant. The result was not statistically significant in the control group, except for the coefficient of performance and for temperature in the event of negative affect and coefficient of performance to negative affect ratio. Conclusion: Exfoliative cytology may be a more patient-friendly method for glucose monitoring in type 2 diabetics compared to invasive blood monitoring approaches. Therefore, it may be used as a tool for widespread screening for diabetes mellitus in public health initiatives. Studying quantitative and qualitative alterations in oral mucosa using exfoliative cytology in type 2 DM patients might enhance our comprehension of the disease process at a cellular level.