Background: Children under five years of age constitute approximately 10% of the country's total population. They are the most vulnerable section of the society and suffer high rates of mortality and morbidity. Prevention of diseases needs a thorough understanding of the illness that occurs during this period. Hence this study is a comprehensive approach to determine the incidence of common health related events among rural children aged less than five years. Objectives: To determine the incidence of health related events among children aged less than five years. Methods: This descriptive longitudinal study was conducted over a period of one year among randomly selected children in a village in Mandya district, Karnataka. House to house survey was conducted to collect basic data using pre tested, semi structured questionnaire. Each child then was followed up regularly every fortnight through 24 home visits and the guardian/parent was enquired in every visit to know the child health status in between two subsequent visits. Results: 110 under-fives (57 Males & 53 Females) were followed for a period of one year every fortnight. The annual incidence rate of health related events was 3.24 episodes /child /year. The leading causes of morbidity in decreasing order of incidence were acute respiratory infections, fever, acute diarrheal diseases, domestic accidents, others and skin infections. Episodes of illness were observed more among children less than 2 years and in females. Conclusion: The incidence of health related events was 3.24 episodes /child /year. The common cause for this incidence was acute respiratory infections. Children less than 2 years and female children are more prone for infections.