Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most prevalent cancer among women worldwide and second most common cancer among Indian women. P16INK4a (p16), a tumor suppressor protein analysed by immunohistochemical and its overexpression is utilized as a surrogate biomarker for high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. SOX2 (sex-determining region Y-box 2), is a transcription factor essential for sustaining the self-renewal and pluripotency of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Elevated expression of SOX2 has been observed in cervical cancer. Aim: To analyse the expression patterns of p16 and SOX2 in various preneoplastic and neoplastic cervical lesions. Materials & methods: This study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, MKCG Medical College, Berhampur, Odisha, between June 2023 to February 2025. A total of 79 cases of cervical lesion, were studied and IHC was performed on each case for both p16 and SOX2. p16 and SOX2 expressions in different lesions were assessed using chi-square analysis, Fishers exact test and all the data were tabulated and analysed using SPSS version 23.0. Result: Among the 79 cases, squamous cell carcinoma accounted for 64 cases (81%), followed by high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions with 12 cases (15.2%), and rest 3 cases were of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion. Significant overexpression of SOX2 (p-value = 0.00035) and p16 (p-value = 0.00028) was observed in both SCC and HSIL. In HSIL cases, the expression of SOX2 and p16 extended to two-thirds or even the full thickness of the epithelium. In contrast, SCC demonstrated immunohistochemical expression that reached the full thickness consistently. Conclusion: Both Sox2 and p16 show increasing expression as the lesion progresses from low grade dysplasia to high grade dysplasia and invasive cancer and can complement each other to make a definitive diagnosis