Aim: To study the role of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in the patients of cholelithiasis before undergoing the surgery. Materials and methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted between 2019 and 2021 in the Department of Surgery at Rajindra Hospital and Government Medical College, Patiala. It involved 50 adult patients presenting with typical or atypical symptoms of cholelithiasis, confirmed via abdominal ultrasonography. All participants underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (UGE) prior to planned laparoscopic cholecystectomy to identify any coexisting upper gastrointestinal pathologies. All the results were recorded in Microsoft excel sheet and were analyzed using SPSS software. Chi-square test was done for assessment of level of significance. p-value of less than 0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Maximum number of patients (34 percent) belonged to the age group of 41 to 50 years. 24 percent of the patients belonged to the age group of 31 to 40 years. Minimum number of patients (4 percent) was seen in the age-group of more than 60. Mean age of the patients was 43.8 years. It has been seen that majority of cholelithiasis patients present during middle age.Out of 50 patients, the larger number of patients were females which is 76 percent of the total patients. Cholelithiasis has been known to be more common in females than males. Conclusion: The routine use of preoperative upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in patients with proven gallstones can significantly enhance the management plan by identifying coexisting pathologies such as gastritis, duodenitis, or other upper gastrointestinal disorders. Detecting these conditions prior to cholecystectomy allows for appropriate and timely treatment, potentially reducing the persistence of postoperative symptoms often attributed to post-cholecystectomy syndrome. Preoperative endoscopy thus plays a crucial role in differentiating the actual cause of abdominal symptoms, enabling a more targeted and effective treatment approach. Therefore, incorporating elective upper gastrointestinal endoscopy into the preoperative assessment of cholelithiasis patients is strongly recommended for improved clinical outcomes.