Original Articles
A Postmortem study of the distribution and severity of Internal Injuries in Fatal Blunt Abdominal Trauma | |
Dr. Raza Malik Khan | |
Background: Road traffic accidents are a prevalent cause of unnatural fatalities and abdominal trauma is very common in RTA. The thoraco-abdominal cavity, housing critical organs like the heart, lungs, liver, spleen, stomach, kidneys, major blood vessels, and ribs, is particularly susceptible to trauma in these incidents. The current research assesses the occurrence, origins, causes, and types of injuries in cases of blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) that underwent autopsy examination. Methods: In this study, the analysis specifically considered deaths directly linked to abdominal trauma (AT). Additionally, cases involving trauma in other body regions such as the head, limbs, and thorax were included, provided they were associated with AT in the mechanism of death. Exclusions encompassed cases with technical report completion issues, duplicates, imprecisely defined trauma types, and cases where death resulted exclusively from trauma in body regions other than the abdomen. Results: The prevalent age group affected was 21-30 years, constituting 30% of all cases, mainly due to road traffic accidents (RTA). In fatal blunt abdominal trauma cases, the liver was identified as the most frequently injured organ, followed by the spleen, urinary bladder, and pelvic hematoma. Among the 50 study subjects, 10 individuals (20%) succumbed to shock (visceral or neurogenic), with 8 being male and 2 females. Hemorrhage was the leading cause of death, accounting for 33 cases (66%) of the total fatalities. A significant proportion of patients experiencing fatal abdominal trauma passed away within the first hour of injury (50%), while an additional 18% succumbed within 1-6 hours post-injury. Conclusion: The majority of individuals impacted by fatal blunt trauma to the abdomen were males, with the age group of 20-30 years being the most affected. Road traffic accidents emerged as the leading cause of blunt abdominal injuries, closely followed by falls. Notably, a high incidence of fatalities occurred within 1-6 hours after the trauma. Liver injuries were the most prevalent, followed by injuries to the intestines and spleen. The primary mechanism contributing to fatalities was hemorrhage, constituting the majority of the deaths. |
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