Background & objectives: Incisional hernia is a common surgical problem, an uncommon sequel of surgical interventions. Incisional hernias occur as a result of excessive tension and inadequate healing of a previous incision, which is often associated with surgical site infection. Conditions that increase intra-abdominal pressure are predisposing factors for the development of incisional hernia. Aims & objectives: • To study the etiology and risk factors associated with development of incisional hernias. • To study incidence of incisional hernia with various abdominal incisions and complications of incisional hernias. • To study management of incisional hernias with mesh repair. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted in Rajiv Gandhi SuperSpeciality Hospital (RGSSH), Raichur Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Raichurfrom July 2021-March 2024. A minimum of 60 patients of Incisional Hernia were included in the study. Factors were tabulated and statistically analysed to study their contributions. Results: In our study 70% of incisional hernias occurred in infraumbilical midline scar.78% of the incisional hernias followed operations on the female pelvic organs. Infection in post-operative period did seem to be the commonest predisposing factor (38%) for weakening of the scar. Incisional hernias were treated by mesh repair either Onlay or Preperitoneal. Preperitoneal mesh repair was found to be significantly better than the Onlay mesh repair. Conclusion: Incisional hernia is a common surgical problem as a result of a failure of fascial tissues to heal following surgical interventions. The seeds of incisional hernia are sown at the time of the operation or during convalescence. The choice of operative technique is critical. Preperitoneal mesh repair is better than the Onlay mesh repair.